This sub-index assesses the scale of the manufacturing base, current global export share, and access to nearby air cargo and port infrastructure. It also measures whether a city benefits from global supply shifts, including changes in export share across a range of key products, proximity to major markets, and free trade agreements, as well as qualitative input from dozens of expert interviews.
How they link to megatrends
Chinese cities rank high in this category as they have enjoyed decades of export growth and foreign investment, and are difficult to displace because of their scale, speed, and price. Many of these cities produce important goods such as electric vehicles (EVs) or lithium-ion batteries, and are expected to remain high on our list in coming years.
However, the shift in global supply chains as global brands and manufacturers seek to rebalance their portfolios is benefiting a range of other countries capturing share from China, from Ho Chi Minh City and Guadalajara to Bangalore and Dhaka, whether due to “China plus one” or nearshoring strategies, among other approaches.
Unique features of export champions
These cities tend to be near transport infrastructure, such as ports and airports, which makes shipping and business travel easier.
They are often located near major markets and other manufacturers or businesses, enabling them to benefit from nearshoring trends.
They also are typically in countries with large populations or located near other cities with large populations, ensuring there is a supply of labor to tap into.
They are also often exposed to environmental risks, especially coastal and river flood risks. Others suffer water shortages.
What might the future look like?
Global supply chain rebalancing will accelerate in coming years. Asia’s cities are the immediate winners given their existing scale. But nearshoring options in Africa and Latin America may yet surprise as they develop greater capabilities.
Why does it matter for business?
Global brands and manufacturers are derisking supply chains and seeking for new manufacturing locations. Picking the right city is key to long-term stability in supply, as well as at the right quality and price.
The growth of new manufacturing jobs will, in turn, contribute to strong spending on retail and other services. Just consider how Shenzhen has grown from low-end factories to high-end retail.
Logistics firms, real estate developers, and professional service companies will find new opportunities to support the development of the region’s new export manufacturers.
1,500 Export Champions By Region
Population
<500k
500k-1 million
1-5 million
>5 million
1500 (Low Ranks)
>
(Top Ranks) 1
Asia
Middle East
Latin America
Africa
Country
Rank#
Population
1,500 Export Champions By Region
Population
<500k
500k-1 million
1-5 million
>5 million
1500 (Low Ranks)
>
(Top Ranks) 1
Asia
Middle East
Latin America
Africa
Country
Rank#
Population
Export Champions City Profiles
