Seoul

While Seoul has a well-utilized public transit system, the density of stations and the system’s operating hours could be improved. The city could add bus routes and stops to better connect residents to the public transit system — a cost-effective improvement that would benefit residents. Adding new subway and rail stations and lines will be essential for expanding public transit options for residents, but this effort will be a lengthy and expensive undertaking. The city has plans to add more rail service and improve connections between bus services and metro hubs by 2030. Seoul can also extend operating hours to reach the performance of cities like Copenhagen, where public transit operates 24/7.

Despite efforts to foster active mobility, the South Korean capital can do more to be on par with leading cities. Seoul can implement more car-free zones, which encourage residents to opt for alternative modes of travel including biking or walking. The city also can improve safety by extending campaigns such as the Cycling Certification Program, which teaches safe cycling to children, to include adults and drivers. Offering greater incentives for e-bikes, such as subsidies for private purchase, and increasing the availability of e-bikes as part of Seoul's bike-sharing program can also help.