Indonesia
Jakarta
UMR Index Rank
#51
(+2)
Score: 38%
Sustainable Mobility
#62
(+1)
Score: 32.2%
Public Transit
#28
(+10)
Score: 52.6%
Technology Adoption
#46
Score: 29.6%
| Population | 23.4 million |
| Surface area (km2) | 3,546 |
| Population-density (people/km2) | 6,602 |
| GDP per capita ($) | 22,422 |
UMR Index Rank
#51
(+2)
Score: 38%
Sustainable Mobility
#62
(+1)
Score: 32.2%
Public Transit
#28
(+10)
Score: 52.6%
Technology Adoption
#46
Score: 29.6%
What Jakarta Does Well In Urban Mobility
Jakarta’s public transit system offers diverse modes, extended operating hours averaging 19 hours daily, affordable pricing, and a comprehensive multimodal app with integrated payment system. This includes rapid bus transit, metro, light rail, and commuter rail. Jakarta also opened several autonomous lines in 2023. The city is extending the reach of its mass rapid transit network, MRT Jakarta, with the help of private investors as well as foreign loans.
The city regulates car ownership with congestion pricing and an odd-even policy, which restricts private car access to certain roads during peak hours. Jakarta provides incentives for electric vehicles (EVs), including tax incentives that were extended in 2023. To be eligible, Indonesia requires that over 40% of the parts in the EV be sourced domestically. That will rise to 60% by 2027. Indonesia is aiming to foster innovation in its local mobility industry, with the goal to produce 600,000 EVs by 2030.
Urban Mobility Readiness Index, Sustainable Mobility, Public Transit, and Technology Adoption scores
Source: Oliver Wyman Forum and University of California, Berkeley
Challenges And Opportunities For Jakarta’s Transportation System
Despite the diversity of its offering and ongoing investments to improve public transportation services, Jakarta’s transit system has low utilization rates. Commuters cite unreliable estimated times of arrival as a deterrent.
The city performs less well than its regional peers on promoting active mobility. Both cycling and walking infrastructure are lagging and there is a shortage of car-free zones. In addition, the tropical climate acts as a disincentive for many. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Jakarta invested in cycling infrastructure, but these initiatives were mainly temporary, such as traffic cones used as demarcations and volunteers who monitored safety. Only a few temporary lanes were made into permanent cycle lanes.
Dimensions of the Urban Mobility Readiness Index score
Source: Oliver Wyman Forum and University of California, Berkeley
How Jakarta Can Improve Its Urban Mobility Performance
To help increase the pedestrian modal split, Jakarta can increase the number of car-free zones to encourage pedestrian travel without fear of road incidents. The city also can invest in the quality of the walking infrastructure. In 2019, Jakarta converted a highway underpass into a pedestrian-only tunnel that links six modes of public transportation at one of the city’s busiest multimodal hubs, increasing safety and accessibility for pedestrians. In addition, authorities can promote the 15-minute city approach, where daily necessities are available within a 15-minute walk, cycle, or public transit ride, by introducing regular services to underserved parts of the city.
Jakarta can do more to encourage cycling adoption. It can invest in cycling infrastructure, including building bike lanes with protective barriers in high-traffic areas. Jakarta can also invest more in e-bikes, including e-bike sharing programs, to overcome the challenges of a tropical climate.
Urban Mobility Readiness Index relative ranking evolution (2020-2024)
Source: Oliver Wyman Forum and University of California, Berkeley